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发布时间：2023/11/01 10:46:05
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机考SAT语法中，平行结构的考点依然涉及，但很(hěn)多(duō)學(xué)生却经常忽略或者无法快速识别，以致失分(fēn)。今天我们就以高频信号词“and/or”為(wèi)例，来梳理(lǐ)下平行结构的考试重点。
考点1《平行结构—形式一致》
比如doing and doing、to do and to do、名词 and 名词、形容词 and 形容词、介词短语 and 介词短语……
E.g.
In truth, the agency (NASA) has a widespread positive effect on society by serving as catalyst for innovation and scientific understanding, to create jobs, and showing humanity its place within the universe.
A. NO CHANGE
B. creating jobs,
C. for job creation,
D. the creation of jobs
解析：此句中and引导“serving……，creating……， showing……” 三者动名词短语并列，因此选B。
E.g.
Hundreds of large, colorful new murals depicting elements of Mexican American life and history appeared during this period, some in designated cultural locations but many more in abandoned lots, on unused buildings, or painted on infrastructure such as highways and bridges.
A. NO CHANGE
B. they were painted on
C. on
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
解析：此句中or引导“in abandoned lots, on used buildings, on infrastructure” 三者介词短语并列，因此选C。
E.g.
Ziconotide works by blocking calcium channels, which are located in pain-transmitting nerve cells within the brain, heart, the nervous system, and bones.
A. NO CHANGE
B. brain, heart, nervous, system,
C. brain, heart, nervous, system
D. brain, heart, nervous system,
解析：此句中and引导“brain，heart，nervous system和bones” 四者名词并列，共用(yòng)定冠词the，因此选D。
考点2《平行结构—标点的使用(yòng)》
情况1 ：若and引导的是“2个非完整句”的成分(fēn)（比如2个单词、2个短语、2个从句）的并列时，则and前方不加标点。
即：
词 and 词
短语 and 短语
从句 and 从句
E.g.
With this novel data set, the team was able to determine how current-driven mixing varies across ______ and what impact it has on the distribution of heat and nutrients in the ocean.
A. regions,
B. regions:
C. regions;
D. regions
解析：此句中and引导“how……”从句和“what……”从句并列，所以and前方不加逗号，选D。
情况2: 若and引导的是“2个完整句” 或者 “≥3者”的并列时，则and前需要添加逗号。
即：
SVO，and SVO.
A, B, and C (A/B/C可(kě)词，可(kě)短语，可(kě)从句，可(kě)完整句；但A/B/C中不可(kě)以含逗号)
E.g.
In 2017, the couple converted a vacant lot in the city into an ______ in the years that followed they acquired nine additional lots and established more than 35 hives.
A. apiary
B. apiary,
C. apiary and
D. apiary, and
解析：此句中and引导”in 2017, the couple converted……apiary” 完整句1 和 “in the years that followed they acquired……hives”完整句2 并列，所以and前方要加逗号，选D。
E.g.
He is known for enforcing a moral code called the Law of Piety, which established the sanctity of animal______ the just treatment of the elderly, and the abolition of the slave trade.
A. life;
B .life:
C. life
D. life,
解析：此句中and引导“the sanctity……，the just treatment……，the abolition……“三个短语并列，所以选D。
情况3: 若and引导的“≥3者”的并列成分(fēn)较复杂，如已含逗号，则and前需要添加分(fēn)号。
即：
A；B；and C（要求A/B/C任一已含逗号）
E.g.
To serve local families during the Great Depression, innovative New York City librarian Pura Belpre offered storytelling in both English and Spanish, an uncommon _____ celebrated el Dal Delos Tres Tres Reys Magos, an important community holiday; and put on puppet shows dramatizing Puerto Rican folktales.
A. practice, at the time
B. practice at the time;
C. practice, at the time,
D. practice at the time,
解析：句中and前有(yǒu)分(fēn)号，根据并列成分(fēn)形式要求一致原则，此句应该是“offered……，celebrated……， put on……“三者并列；鉴于第1个并列成分(fēn)中含有(yǒu)逗号，故用(yòng)分(fēn)号分(fēn)隔，所以选B。
亲，你學(xué)会了？如果學(xué)会了，来做个小(xiǎo)测试吧……
E.g.1
Specifically, they investigated the combustion of biofuel droplets in microgravity for twice as long as could be accomplished in drop towers and to perform tests with larger droplets.
A. NO CHANGE
B. could investigate
C. were investigating
D. were able to investigate
E.g. 2
We know the resulting plants as mustard greens, radishes, horseradish, and wasabi——foods that are enjoyed for their distinctive and spicy flavors and these chemicals are toxic to insects but not to humans.
A. NO CHANGE
B. their
C. whose
D. which
E.g.3
Joshua Hinson, director of the language revitalization program of the Chickasaw Nation in Oklahoma, helped produce the world’s first indigenous-language instructional app, Chickasaw______ Chickasaw TV, in 2010; and a Rosetta Stone language course in Chiasaw, in 2015.
A. Basic; in 2009, and online television network;
B. Basic; in 2009, and online television network,
C. Basic, in 2009; and online television network,
D. Basic, in 2009, and online television network,
解析1：句中and前无标点符号，代表and在引导两者并列，根据and后方的to perform形式可(kě)知，and前方应该也有(yǒu)to do形式存在，因此只能(néng)选D。
解析2：句中and前没有(yǒu)标点，根据and后方有(yǒu)谓语动词are可(kě)以确定，此处考查and引导两个从句的并列，因此划線(xiàn)处需要填一个“连词”来引导从句，排除A/B项。此句中and应该是引导“that are……flavors“从句 和“whose chemical……humans”从句并列来共同修饰名词foods，所以选C。
解析3: 句中and前方有(yǒu)分(fēn)号，根据and后方“a Rosetta……，in 2015” 短语的形式可(kě)知，应该在“in 2009”后方添加分(fēn)号，构成三者并列，所以选B。
以上就是SAT语法考点系列之 “平行结构Parallelism”分(fēn)享，有(yǒu)需要了解SAT培训，可(kě)在線(xiàn)咨询小(xiǎo)澜老师~
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